PERIODIC TEST 2 CLASS 9 PAPER SCIENCE WITH MARKING SCHEME

 

                      PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAY N.E.R. BAREILLY (2025-26)

PERIODIC TEST -2

CLASS –IX

                                                           SUBJECT – SCIENCE

TIME ALLOWED: 1:30 Hrs.                                                     MAXIMUM MARKS: 40

MCQs 

1. Which  of the following properties does not describe a compound?

a) It is composed of two or more elements

b) It is a pure substance

c)It cannot be separated into constituents by physical method

d)  it is mixed in any proportion by mass

2. During a sprinting race, Meera suddenly felt a pull where her calf muscles attached to

her leg bone. Her coach explained that a specific tissue was strained, which connects

muscles to bones and enables movement. Which type of tissue was he referring to?

(a) Ligament                (b) Tendon                      (c) Cartilage                                           (d) Bone

3.Which of the following quantities remains constant everywhere?

(a) Weight                     (b) MASS                    (c) Gravitational force       d) Acceleration due to gravity

4. Girth of stem increases due to

a) Apical meristem       b) Intercalary meristem        c) Lateral meristem            d)  vertical meristem

5.. A person standing in a moving bus that suddenly stops,the person tends to:

(a) Fall backward                   (b) Remain standing

(c) Fall sideways                   (d) Fall forward

Assertion-Reason Based Questions (1mark each)

(a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

(c) A is true, but R is false.

Name the physical quantity(d) A is false, but R is true.

6. Assertion (A): Cardiac muscles do not get tired easily.

Reason (R): Cardiac muscles work continuously and are resistant to fatigue

7.. Assertion: When a beam of light is passed through a colloidal solution placed in a dark place the path of the beam becomes visible.

 Reason: Light gets scattered by the colloidal particles.

8.Why are the xylem and phloem called complex tissue?  and how are the different from one other

9. Shruti walking on the road.Describe her walking in terms of Newton's third law of motion  

10.Differentiate the following activities on the basis of voluntary or involuntary muscles with name

a) Jumping of the frog 

b) pumping of the heart    

c) Drawing a painting

d) Movement of chocolate in your intestine      

11.Name the physical quantity that is  product of mass of object and velocity.Write its SI unit is it vector or scalar quantity ?

12.State the factors on which the gravitational force between two objects depends.           

                           OR

A body weighs 600 N on Earth. What would be its weight on the Moon?

13.Differentiate between different types of muscular tissues with diagram and also write there functions

14. State the law of gravitation given by Newton. What is the importance of this law?

15. At Gwalior airport, Rohit has a trolley bag. He pushes the trolley on the smooth floor of the airport. Initially, the trolley is at rest. After applying a continuous force, the trolley begins to move and pick up speed.

(a) Which law of motion explains why the trolley starts moving?

(b) What is the direction of the force applied by the boy?

(c) Name the property of the trolley that resists the start of motion.

 Case study Based Questions (4 Marks)

16. A young athlete named Raj, who is a long-distance runner, experiences muscle soreness and fatigue after a grueling training session. His legs feel weak and stiff, and he's unable to continue his workout. He has also been feeling short of breath.

(a) What type of muscle tissue is primarily responsible for Raj's leg movement, enabling him to run?

(b) Describe two main characteristics of the type of muscle tissue that allows Raj to run long distances without fatigue.

(c) What other types of tissues are involved in Raj’s running, and how do they work

(d) Name sweat secreting tissue.

17.a) A solution of alcohol in water has been prepared by mixing 150 ml of alcohol with 600 ml of water. Calculate the volume. Percentage of the solution.

b) Why? Copper sulphate solution in water does not show Tyndall effect but mixture of water and milk shows .

(c) Suggest any one method by which we can increase the solubility of solution

18. A stone of 1 kg is thrown with a velocity of 20 m/s across the frozen surface of the lake and  comes to rest after travelling a distance of 50 m. What is the force of friction between the stone and ice?

MARKING SCHEME`

1.d)  it is mixed in any proportion by mass

2.    (b) Tendon  

3.     (b) mass

4.c lateral meristem.

5. (d) Fall forward

6.a

7.a

8.Xylem and phloem are called complex tissues because 
they are each composed of more than one type of cell that work together to perform a specific, unified function.

9.When Shruti walks, her feet apply an action force by pushing backward on the road, and in reaction, the road exerts an equal and opposite force (the reaction force) on her feet, pushing them forward. This forward-moving reaction force, aided by friction between her shoes and the road, is what propels Shruti and allows her to move forward.

10.

• Jumping of the frog: Voluntary 
• Pumping of the heart: Involuntary 
• Drawing a painting: Voluntary 
• Movement of chocolate in your intestine: Involuntary.

11.The physical quantity that is the product of an object's mass and velocity is called momentum. Its SI unit is the kilogram-meter per second (kg·m/s). Momentum is a vector quantity because it has both a magnitude and a direction, which is the same as the direction of the object's velocity.

12.The gravitational force between two objects depends on the product of their masses and the square of the distance between their centers. Specifically, the force is directly proportional to the product of the masses, meaning greater masses result in a stronger force, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance, meaning increasing the distance significantly reduces the force.

                                    OR

$W_{\text{Moon}}=\frac{1}{6}\cdot 600\text{N}=100\text{N}$

13.

14.

The importance of universal law of gravitation is that it explains the motion of planets around the sun, the motion of moon around the earth, and the motion of artificial satellites around the earth. It also explains the phenomena of rainfall, snowfall, and flow of water in rivers on the earth.

15

(a) The trolley starts moving because of Newton’s First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia). A body at rest remains at rest unless an external force is applied. Rohit’s push provides that external force.

(b) The direction of the force applied by the boy is in the same direction in which the trolley moves (forward, along the push).

(c) The property of the trolley that resists the start of motion is inertia of rest.

16.(a) The muscle tissue responsible for Raj’s leg movement while running is skeletal (voluntary, striated) muscle tissue.

---

(b) Two main characteristics of skeletal muscle that help in long-distance running:

1. Contractile & Voluntary: They contract and relax under Raj’s conscious control, producing movement of the legs.

2. Rich in Mitochondria (especially in red muscle fibers): They provide a continuous supply of energy (ATP) through aerobic respiration, helping Raj sustain running for long periods.

---

(c) Other tissues involved in running and their roles:

• Nervous tissue: Sends signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles, coordinating movement.

• Connective tissue (bones, ligaments, tendons, cartilage): Bones act as levers, tendons attach muscles to bones, and ligaments hold joints in place.

• Epithelial tissue (lungs & blood vessels): Helps in oxygen exchange (lungs) and regulates blood flow.

• Blood (connective tissue): Transports oxygen and nutrients to muscles and removes waste like carbon dioxide and lactic acid.

---

(d) The sweat-secreting tissue is epithelial tissue of sweat glands (specifically, glandular epithelium).

17.a

Given:

• Volume of alcohol (solute) = 150 ml

• Volume of water (solvent) = 600 ml

• Total volume of solution = $150 + 600 = 750}$

Now calculate:

$$\text{Volume percentage of alcohol} = \frac{150}{750} \times 100$$ $$= \frac{15000}{750} = 20$$

Final Answer: The volume percentage of alcohol in the solution is 20% (v/v).

b.Copper sulphate solution does not show Tyndall effect because it is a true solution with very small particles. Milk shows Tyndall effect because it is a colloid with larger dispersed particles that scatter light.

c.By increasing the temperature of the solvent.

• When temperature rises, solvent molecules gain more kinetic energy.

• This allows them to break solute particles apart more easily and dissolve more solute.

✅ Example: More sugar dissolves in hot water than in cold water.

18.Given data:

• Mass of stone, $m$

• Initial velocity, $u=20\text{m/s}$

• Final velocity, $v=0$

• Distance travelled, $s=50$

---

Step 1: Use equation of motion

$$v^2 = u^2 + 2as$$

Substitute values:

$$0^2=(20{)}^2+2\cdot a\cdot 50$$
$$0=400+100a$$
$$a=-\frac{400}{100}=-4{\text{m/s}}^{}$$

(Negative sign shows retardation due to friction.)

Find force of friction

$$F=m\cdot a$$
$$F=1\cdot (-4)=-4\text{\hspace{0.17em}N}$$

HEREDITY CLASS 10 WITH NCERT SOLUTIONS.

 Heredity-The transmission of characters from the parents to their off spring is called heredity.The hereditary information is present in the sex cells or in gametes of the parents.

The hereditary information is present in the sex cells (or gametes) of the parents. Thus, gametes constitute the link between one generation and the next, and pass on the paternal [father's] and maternal [mother's] character (or traits) to the offspring.

The relation that continues to exist between successive generations is referred to as Heredity.

HOW TRAITS ARE EXPRESSED?

Traits are coded in the form of genes and genes are the sequences which code for particular polypeptides which lead to the formation of particular proteins. Proteins then lead to the expression of particular traits.

Sex determination in human beings.

In a human being, the sex of a child is determined depending upon which type of male gamete fertilizes with the female gamete. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in each of the mother and the father. Out of 23 pairs, 22 pairs are said to be autosomes and one pair is called sex chromosomes (in male XY and female XX). At the time of fertilization, the sperm fertilizes the egg cell to form the zygote. If the sperm carrying X- chromosome fertilizes an ovum carrying an X chromosome, then the child born will be a girl. If the sperm carrying Y- chromosome fertilizes an ovum carrying X- chromosome, the child born will be a boy.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE TRAITS

 

Question 1

If a trait A exists in 10% of a population of an asexually reproducing species and a trait B exists in 60% of the same population, which trait is likely to have arisen earlier?

Answer

Asexually reproducing species show very few variations which are seen usually due to mutation. Any such variation in an individual takes time to become considerable part of the population as it shows up only in individual's progeny. Therefore, if a trait A exists in 10% of a population of an asexually reproducing species, it must be a recent variation and if a trait B exists in 60% of the same population, it is likely to have arisen earlier.

Question 2

How does the creation of variations in a species promote survival?

Answer

Any species is adapted to survive in a particular niche. In case of any sudden change in that niche the species may not survive if all the individuals are alike. But if few individuals are different due to variations they can adapt to the changed conditions and thus species can avoid being wiped out. Therefore, the creation of variations in a species promote its evolution and hence its survival.

Intext Questions 2

Question 1

How do Mendel's experiments show that traits may be dominant or recessive?

Answer

Mendel used a number of contrasting visible characters of garden peas – round/wrinkled seeds, tall/short plants, white/violet flowers and so on. When he crossed plants with contrasting characters, there were no halfway characteristics in the first generation. For example, if a tall plant was crossed with a short plant, all plants were either tall or short and no plant was found with medium height. In F₂ generation cross between two tall plants gave short plant as well. This proved that there are two contrasting characters out of which one is dominant which masks the effect of other which is recessive.

Question 2

How do Mendel's experiments show that traits are inherited independently?

Answer

Mendel crossed a tall pea plant with round seeds with a short pea plant with wrinkled seeds. The F₁ progeny were all tall with round seeds. Thus, tallness and round seeds are the dominant traits.
Mendel then used F₁ progeny to generate F₂ progeny by self-pollination. He observed that some F₂ progeny were tall plants with round seeds, and some were short plants with wrinkled seeds. However, he also found that some F₂ progeny showed new combinations like tall but with wrinkled seeds, while others would be short but have round seeds. Thus, Mendel’s experiments showed that traits are inherited independently.

Question 3

A man with blood group A marries a woman with blood group O and their daughter has blood group O. Is this information enough to tell you which of the traits – blood group A or O – is dominant? Why or why not?

Answer

No, the given information is not sufficient to tell which of the traits is dominant because we don't know all possible blood groups of all the progeny.

The father's blood group is A, which means he can be homozygous (AA) or heterozygous (AO). Similarly, mother can also be homozygous or heterozygous.

Exercises

Question 1

A Mendelian experiment consisted of breeding tall pea plants bearing violet flowers with short pea plants bearing white flowers. The progeny all bore violet flowers, but almost half of them were short. This suggests that the genetic make-up of the tall parent can be depicted as

1. TTWW
2. TTww
3. TtWW
4. TtWw

Answer

TtWW

Reason — Possibility of genotype for parent plants:

1. Tall pea plants bearing violet flowers — TTWw or TtWw or TTWW or TtWW
2. Short pea plants bearing white flowers — ttww or ttWw

Since, the progeny all bore violet flowers, the tall parent must be homozygous for violet flower colour i.e. WW. Also, almost half of the progeny were short shows that the tall parent must be heterozygous for tallness i.e. Tt. Therefore, the genetic make-up of the tall parent can be depicted as TtWW.

Question 2

A study found that children with light-coloured eyes are likely to have parents with light-coloured eyes. On this basis, can we say anything about whether the light eye colour trait is dominant or recessive? Why or why not?

Answer

No, we cannot say anything about whether the light eye colour trait is dominant or recessive based on above given fact because:

1. It is not clear whether parents are heterozygous or homozygous.
2. It requires to study inheritance pattern upto three or more generations.

Question 3

Outline a project which aims to find the dominant coat colour in dogs.

Answer

Following are the steps that should be followed in order to find the dominant coat colour in dogs:

1. Find the homozygous male for coat colour.
2. Find the homozygous female for contrasting coat colour.
3. Both are mated to get F₁ generation.
4. The colour of coat of progeny will be the dominant colour.

Question 4

How is the equal genetic contribution of male and female parents ensured in the progeny?

Answer

During gamete formation the cell divides by meiosis giving four haploid (n) cells. The normal number of chromosomes in human a cell is 46 i.e. 23 pairs. The gamete cells, therefore, formed after meiosis have 23 chromosomes each. When fertilization occurs, the male gamete and female gamete fuse together and the original number of chromosomes is restored. This means that the zygote has 46 (23+23) chromosomes — 23 from male gamete and 23 from female gamete. This is how the equal genetic

PERIODIC TEST 2 SCIENCE CLASS 10 PAPER with marking scheme.

    

PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA N.E.R BAREILLY

PERIODIC TEST – 2

SESSION – 2025-26

CLASS – 10th                               SUBJECT – SCIENCE

TIME – 1^1/2HRS                                                                                                  MM – 40

Q.No	Section A	Marks
1	Which of the following is a correct combination of function and part of the brain? A. Posture and balance: Cerebrum B. Salivation: Medulla in midbrain C. Hunger: Pons in hindbrain D. Blood pressure: Medulla in hindbrain	1
2	The blood glucose level in a patient was very high. It may be due to inadequate secretion of:  A. growth hormone from pituitary gland  B. oestrogen from ovary C. insulin from pituitary gland D. insulin from pancreas	1
3	Which of the following substances when dissolved in equal volume of water, will have the highest pH value? A. Sulphuric acid              B. Acetic acid                   C. Magnesium hydroxide D. Sodium hydroxide	1
4	An electric iron of resistance 20 Ω draws a current of 5 A. The heat developed in the iron in 30 seconds is:- a)15000J        b)6000J         c)1500J             d)3000j	1
5	The atomic no. of three elements X,Y& Z are 19 ,13 and 17 respectively.which of the following statement about these elements is correct? A.X is a metal and it forms basic oxide.    B.Y is a non metal and it forms acidic oxides     C.Both Y and Z are non metals . D. X is a non metal while Z is a metal.	1
6	There is a cerebellar dysfunction in a patient. Which of the following activities will get disturbed in this patient as a result of this? A. Salivation.                                                      B. Hunger control.                                 C. Posture and balance                                        D. Regulation of B.P.	1
7	The oxide which can react with HCl as well KOH to give corresponding salt and water is. A. CuO              B.Al2O3                        C.Na2O                              D.K2O.	1
8	The following question consists of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions by selecting the appropriate option given below: A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A. C. A is true but R is false. D. A is false but R is true Assertion-receptors are usually located in our sense organs and perceive a particular stimulus. Reason- different sense organs have different receptors for detecting stimuli.	1
	Section B
9		2
10	What are reflex actions. Draw a well labelled reflex arc.	2
11		2
12	Show the formation of             i) CaO                 ii)MgO	2
	Section C
13		3
14		3
	Section D
15	Oxygen can combine with both metals and non-metals. It combines with Calcium to form CaO and with carbon to form CO2. (a) What type of bond is formed between carbon and oxygen? (b) Identify the type of bond formed between Calcium and oxygen. (c) Which of the above compounds will be a good conductor of electricity in molten state and why? (d) Comment on the physical state (solid, liquid or gas) of CaO and CO2.  (e) What is the valency of carbon in CO2?	5
16	i)Define ohm’s law. ii)Name and define the physical quantity defined by the slope of V-I Curve given in the diagram. Use this graph to find the value of this physical quantity in SI units. iii)Establish relationship between 1kWh and 1 joule.	5
	Section E
17	Mohan and Rohit observed that shoots of a plant growing in shade bend towards the sunlight. Whereas, leaves of ‘Touch me not’ plant fold and droop soon after touching. They were curious to know how these movements occur in plants	4
18	The extraction of metals from their ores and refining them for the use is known as metallurgy. It Involves several steps such as concentration of ore into oxide through  calcination or roasting, reduction of oxides using suitable reducing agents and refining of metals. i)Name an ore of mercury. ii)write a chemical equation for the calcination of ZnCO3. iii) write the difference between roasting and calcination.	2+2

                                                         MARKING SCHEME

 1.D.BLOOD PRESSURE :MEDULLA IN HIND BRAIN.

2.D.INSULIN FROM PANCREAS.

3.D.SODIUM HYDROXIDE.

4.R=20 OHM   I=5 A T=30 SEC H=I2RT      =5X5X20X30=15000J

5.A.X IS A METAL AND FORMS BASIC OXIDES.

6.C.POSTURE AND BALANCE.

7.B.AL2O3

8.A.ASSERTION AND REASON ARE TRUE AND R IS THE CORRECT EXPLANATION OF A.

9.A. The pin will drop but will take less time to drop because silver is a better conductor of heat than aluminium.

B. No, aluminium wire will not melt because metals have high melting points.

10.A reflex action is a quick, automatic, and involuntary response to a stimulus that occurs without conscious thought, often to protect the body from harm.

11.(i)𝑅= 𝑅1𝑅2 /𝑅1+𝑅2 = 8×8/8+8 =4 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠

(ii)𝐼= 𝑉/𝑅 =8/(4+4)=1 𝐴

12.

13.A.

(i) No, ‘X’ is highly reactive and will catch fire.

(ii) Sodium.

It is extracted from molten sodium chloride by electrolytic reduction

Cathode: Na+ + e- ---- Na

Anode: 2Cl-  Cl2 + 2e-

(Potassium is also a correct option)

OR

B.

(i) Copper gets oxidised/corroded to basic copper carbonate which is greenish in colour.

(ii) No, iron will rust and the reddish layer of rust will come off exposing iron to air, the dome will not be stable. Copper on the other hand on corrosion forms a protective layer which does not allow further corrosion.

(iii) Copper is a highly malleable metal, its thin sheets can be used to give different shapes of roofs, like the shape of a dome.

14.A.

(i) X = NaHCO3; Z = Na2CO3 (0.5+0.5)

(ii) Decomposition reaction (0.5)

(iii) Solution A (0.5)

(iv)Increasing order or H+ ions C<B<A (1)

OR

B.

(i) As bee sting is acidic and wasp sting is basic. (1)

(ii) To change the nature of soil to (neutral or basic). (1)

(iii) To protect sculptures from the effects of certain gases present in

environment and acid rain. (1)

15.(a) Covalent bond (b) Ionic bond (c) CaO, due to presence of free ions in molten state. (d) CaO is solid while CO2 is a gas. (e) 4

16.i) Ohm's Law is the law, which states that the electric current (I) flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage (V) applied across it and inversely proportional to the resistance (R) of the conductor. Mathematically, it can be represented as: (1) 

V=IR

ii.The slope of the VI curve indicates the resistance (R) in ohms (Ω), as per Ohm's Law which states that V = IR.

From the graph, select two points. For example, the point (0,0) and (0.8, 6) gives ΔV = 6 - 0 = 6 V and ΔI = 0.8 - 0 = 0.8 A

Calculate the slope: R = 6 V / 0.8 A = 7.5 Ω.

iii.) 1kWh=3,600,000 j

17.

A. ● Bending of shoots of plants is a response to the stimulus and a directional, growth-related movement. 

● When growing plants detect sunlight, a hormone called auxin, synthesized at shoot tip helps the cells to grow longer. 

● When light is coming from one side of the plant, auxin diffuses to the shady side of the shoot. 

● This concentration of auxin stimulates the cells of the shoot to grow 4 longer on the side of the shoot which is away from the light. Thus, plant appears to bend towards light. (0.5 x 4 =2) 

OR 

B. ● Leaves of ‘Touch me not’ plant respond to the stimulus by showing growth independent movement.

 ● These plants use electrical–chemical means to convey the information from cell to cell. 

 Movement happens at a point different from the point of touch. 

● Plant cells change shape by changing the amount of water in them, resulting in swelling or shrinking, and therefore in changing shape. (0.5 x 4 =2)

 C. Growth of pollen tubes towards the ovule is an example of chemotropism whereas bending of shoots towards sunlight is an example of phototropism. (1) 

D. i) Although both plants and animals show electrical–chemical means to convey the information from cell to cell but unlike nerve cells in animals there is no specialized tissue in plants for conduction of information. (0.5) 

ii) In animal cells, change in shape occurs because of the specialized proteins found in muscle cells; plant cells change shape by changing the amount of water in them. (0.5)

18.i cinnebar.

ii.Zinc carbonate is heated strongly in limited supply of air to convert it to oxide. This process is called calcination.

$\underset{\text{Zinc oxide}}{ZnC{O}_{3\left(s\right)}}\stackrel{\text{Heat}}{\to }\underset{\text{Zinc oxide}}{Zn{O}_{\left(s\right)}}+\underset{\text{Carbon dioxideiii.}}{C{O}_2\uparrow }$